cloud engineer
Here’s how to copy a symbolic link which is also known as a soft link from one directory to another. A regular copy command will not work. You will need to use the -P option to copy the symbolic link from one directory to another. If omitted, the symbolic links will not be copied.
cp -P /directory1/* /directory2/ |
How to create a symbolic link.
ln -s sourcefile myfile ln -s /path/to/file myfile |
Promiscuous mode is a mode for a network interface where the controller to passes all traffic it receives to the CPU instead of passing the frames to the controller. This is helpful if you want to capture all traffic as part of troubleshooting. The question is, how can you tell if your network interface is in a promiscuous mode? Here’s a couple of commands.
Here’s the default mode.
sudo ip link show eth0 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1460 qdisc mq state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000 link/ether xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff |
Here’s promiscuous mode. Look for PROMISC.
sudo ip link show eth0 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,PROMISC,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1460 qdisc mq state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000 link/ether xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff |
The other command is netstat. Look for P flag.
netstat -i Kernel Interface table Iface MTU RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg eth0 1460 21895816 0 0 0 22645756 0 0 0 BMPRU lo 65536 44129 0 0 0 44129 0 0 0 LRU |
Finally, if you want to enable promiscuous mode, run one of these commands.
sudo ip link set eth0 promisc on ifconfig eth0 promisc |
To disable, use ifconfig.
ifconfig eth0 -promisc |
iotop is a Linux command similar to top but instead of CPU and memory it will display and monitor your disk IO usage.
To install, run the following command based on your Linux ditro.
yum install iotop apt install iotop dnf install iotop |
To use.
iotop
iotop -o |
Output:
