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AWS Backup Vaults

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Here’s how to list AWS Backup vaults and plans. You can filter the output by specifying a vault.

aws backup list-backup-vaults --query "BackupVaultList[?BackupVaultName=='my-vault']" --output json

Output: (outputs are redacted for security reasons)

[
    {
        "BackupVaultName": "my-vault",
        "BackupVaultArn": "arn:aws:backup:us-east-1:xxxxxxxxxxxx:backup-vault:my-vault",
        "CreationDate": "2019-02-10T11:38:42.556000-05:00",
        "EncryptionKeyArn": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:xxxxxxxxxxxx:key/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx",
        "CreatorRequestId": "xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx",
        "NumberOfRecoveryPoints": 3
    }
]

Display the BackupPlanId of a specific backup plan.

aws backup list-backup-plans --query "BackupPlansList[?BackupPlanName=='my-backup-plan'].BackupPlanId"

Output: (outputs are redacted for security reasons)

[
    "xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx"
]

AWS EFS Create Terraform

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Here’s how to build an EFS file system using Terraform. Create a main.tf file.

terraform {
  required_providers {
    aws = {
      version = ">= 3.22.0"
      source = "hashicorp/aws"
    }
  }
}
provider "aws" {
  profile = "default"
  region  = "us-east-1"
}
resource "aws_efs_file_system" "efs-test" {
   creation_token = "efs-test"
   performance_mode = "generalPurpose"
   throughput_mode = "bursting"
   encrypted = "true"
 tags = {
     Name = "efs-test"
   }
}
resource "aws_efs_mount_target" "efs-mt-example" {
   file_system_id  = aws_efs_file_system.efs-test.id
   subnet_id = "subnet-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
   security_groups = ["sg-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"]
}

To launch, run terraform.

terraform init
terraform apply

EFS Tags Auto Assign Backup Tags

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Here’s a script that scans all EFS systems in several AWS accounts and regions and randomly assigns backup tags to EFS systems that are missing backup tags. This is assuming EFS is using AWS Backup service using tags to apply backup policies. If there are no backup tags, an EFS gets assigned a randomly picked backup policy.

#!/bin/bash
# log file
output="test.log"
tmpfil="temp.txt"
# empty file
> $output
# set random array
arr[0]="efs-0000"
arr[1]="efs-0400"
arr[2]="efs-0800"
arr[3]="efs-1200"
arr[4]="efs-1600"
arr[5]="efs-2000"
rand=$[ $RANDOM %6 ]
backup=${arr[$rand]}
# set accounts and regions
declare -a account=("default" "one" "two" "three" "four" "five")
declare -a region=("us-east-1" "us-east-2" "us-west-1" "us-west-2")
for i in "${account[@]}"; do
  echo "===================" >> $output
  echo $i >> $output
  echo "===================" >> $output
  for j in "${region[@]}"; do
    echo $j >> $output
        aws efs describe-file-systems \
        --query "FileSystems[*].[FileSystemId,Tags[?Key=='aws-backup']|[0].Value]" \
        --profile $i \
        --region $j \
        --output text > $tmpfil
        while read -r id tag; do
      if [[ $tag == "" ]]; then
        aws efs tag-resource \
        --resource-id $id \
        --tags Key="aws-backup",Value=${arr[$rand]} \
        --profile $i \
        --region $j >> $output
        echo "Added backup tag $backup to $id" >> $output
      elif [[ $tag == "no-backup" ]]; then
        echo "Backup tag is already set to no-backup on $id." >> $output
      else
        echo "No backup tag changes applied to $id." >> $output
      fi
    done < $tmpfil
  done
done
rm $tmpfil

AWS EFS Tags

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This script add new tags if they are missing.

#!/bin/bash
log="log.txt"
id=$(aws efs describe-file-systems --query "FileSystems[*].[FileSystemId]" --output text --region us-east-1)
tag=$(aws efs describe-file-systems --query "FileSystems[*].Tags[?Key=='aws-backup'].Value" --output text --region us-east-1 )
 
arr[0]="efs-0000"
arr[1]="efs-0400"
arr[2]="efs-0800"
arr[3]="efs-1200"
arr[4]="efs-1600"
arr[5]="efs-2000"
 
rand=$[ $RANDOM %6 ]
backup=${arr[$rand]}
 
if [[ $tag == "" ]]; then
  aws efs tag-resource --resource-id $id --tags Key="aws-backup",Value=${arr[$rand]} --profile default --region us-east-1
  echo "Added backup tag $backup to $id" 
elif [[ $tag == "no-backup" ]]; then
  echo "No backup on $id."
else
  echo "No changes done to $id."
fi

EFS Encryption

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If you have an existing EFS that’s unencrypted, you can encrypt it be creating a snapshot using AWS Backup, and then restoring the file system to a new EFS with encryption. If you choose to restore in a directory in the same file system, it will not be encrypted. It has to be a new EFS. In addition, you’ll be asked to select which encryption key to use. The default key will work, unless you have your own.

EFS Infrequent Access

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Just like in S3, you can have to up to 92% in savings if you use Infrequent Access or IA with AWS EFS (Elastic File Storage). You can create a lifecycle policy to move data from standard storage to infrequent access. Files that are not being used after x number of days are then moved to Infrequent Access. The downside is, the data in IA do not count towards gaining burst credits. You will need to keep a certain amount of standard storage to prevent depleting your burst credits.

aws efs put-lifecycle-configuration \
--file-system-id fs-xxxxxxxx \
--lifecycle-policies TransitionToIA=AFTER_30_DAYS \
--region us-east-1

AWS CloudWatch EFS Burst Credits

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Here’s how to get the EFS Burst Credits from CloudWatch via AWS CLI.

aws cloudwatch get-metric-statistics \
--namespace "AWS/EFS" \
--metric-name BurstCreditBalance \
--dimensions "Name=FileSystemId,Value=fs-xxxxxxx" \
--start-time 2019-12-31T00:00:00Z \
--end-time 2019-12-31T01:00:00Z \
--statistics Average \
--period 3600 \
--profile default

Notice the start time, end time, period and statistics. Here’s the CLI doc.

AWS EFS /etc/fstab

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To automatically mount a EFS volume after each reboot, you’ll need to add the following format to /etc/fstab.

You can use the DNS name given by AWS.

fs-12345678:/ /mnt/efs efs defaults,_netdev 0 0

Or the IP address.

10.0.0.22:/ /mnt/efs efs defaults,_netdev 0 0

Mount all with fake and verbose.

mount -fav

AWS EFS Describe Mount Targets

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Here’s how to display mount targets of an EFS system via AWS CLI.

 aws efs describe-mount-targets \
--file-system-id fs-xxxxxxxx \
--profile default \
--region us-east-1

AWS EFS List on AWS Backup

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Here’s how to get a list of EFS on AWS Backup. Displays a list and looks for a specific tag.

#! /bin/bash
 
tmpfil="temp.txt"
output="efs-list.txt"
 
> $output
> $tmpfil
 
declare -a account=("default" "account1" "account2" "account3")
declare -a region=("us-east-1" "us-east-2" "us-west-1" "us-west-2")
 
for i in "${account[@]}"; do
  echo "===================" >> $output
  echo $i >> $output
  echo "===================" >> $output
  for j in "${region[@]}"; do
    echo $j >> $output
    echo "-------------------" >> $output
    aws efs describe-file-systems \
    --query 'FileSystems[*].[FileSystemId]' \
    --profile $i --region $j --output text >> $tmpfil
    while read -r efs; do
      echo $efs >> $output
      sleep 1s
      aws efs describe-tags --file-system-id $efs \
      --query 'Tags[?Key==`aws-backup`].{Name:Key,Value:Value}' \
      --profile $i --region $j --output text >> $output
      echo "..................." >> $output
    done < $tmpfil
    > $tmpfil
  done
done
rm $tmpfil

Output file is efs-list.txt