Here’s how to add a GCP firewall rule with the AH (authentication header) and ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) protocols.

gcloud compute firewall-rules update "firewall-name" \
    --description="firewall description" \
    --priority "1000" \
    --target-service-accounts="service-account@gserviceaccount.com" \
    --destination-ranges="10.0.0.0/8" \
    --rules 50,51,tcp:80,udp:1000

There is no need to add protocols for AH and ESP. Just the port numbers.